蝴蝶兰叶片叶绿素含量对栽培基质含水量和施肥量的响应

[目的]了解不同栽培基质含水量和施肥量水平下蝴蝶兰叶片叶绿素含量的变化。[方法]对蝴蝶兰不同品种进行施肥处理,采用便携式SPAD-502Plus叶绿素计测定植物叶绿素含量,采用WET土壤三参数测定仪测定栽培基质含水量。[结果]蝴蝶兰不同品种叶绿素含量对施肥后的响应不同,施肥处理的植物叶绿素含量整体高于纯水处理;不同时期,叶绿素含量最高,栽培基质含水量最低,反之则最高。[结论]试验结果为蝴蝶兰叶片叶绿素含量的研究及蝴蝶兰栽培提供了参考。     

中国热带农业科学院拓宽国际科技合作的策略研究

中国热区小,世界热区大,与世界其它热带农业国家开展国际合作,是提高中国热带农业科技创新能力、促进中国热带农业“走出去”的必要途径。近年来,中国热带农业科学院的国际科技合作已实现了从“迎来送往”向“项目-人才-基地”合作模式的转变,但仍存在合作项目和经费不足,合作的宽度和深度不够等问题。文章针对这些现状,提出中国热带农业科学院拓宽国际科技合作的策略与建议。     

磷肥在热带土壤中的转化规律及残效

采用海南岛6类土壤,进行不同施磷量盆栽试验,应用土壤无机磷分级方法,研究水溶性磷肥在砖红壤中转化的情况。盆栽试验历时5年。其结果表明:(1)过磷酸钙与土壤充分混合,连续盆栽作物5年中均有明显效应。(2)施磷肥处理所增加的有效磷比例和盆栽后土壤有效磷量逐年下降幅度因土壤类型不同而差异很大。(3)水溶性磷肥在土壤中很快转化为各种形态的无机磷,但其形态比例、变化趋向和速度也因土壤类型不同而异。玄武岩(铁质)砖红壤以Fe—P(磷酸铁盐)为主,浅海沉积物(硅铝质)砖红壤以Al—P(磷酸铝盐)为主,花岗岩和云母片岩(铝质)砖红壤的Al—P含量略高于Fe—P。在盆栽过程中各类土壤的Al—P含量逐年降低,而Fe—P的含量除了在玄武岩砖红壤中是逐年降低外,在其他类型的土壤中则逐年提高,施肥后,Ca—P(磷酸钙盐)的含量在各类土壤中都比盆栽前提高,但变化幅度很微小。(4)不同施磷量处理间土壤中O—P(闭蓄态磷酸铁)的含量差异不显著,盆栽过程头3年没有明显变化,而盆找后第5年比前3年有所增长,但只有玄武岩砖红壤的增长量达到显著水平。(5)无机磷转化的次序,似乎存在Al—P→Fe—P→O—P转化的趋向,因此,Al—P的有效性>Fe—P。     

海南岛南药病原微生物鉴定的研究

1984—1986年,对海南岛的槟榔、益智、爪哇白豆蔻、丁香等9种南药的病原微生物进行了调查,根据病原的形态特征鉴定出27个种。本文描述了这些种的特征及其所致的42种病害症状和分布。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法对菠萝、杧果和米蕉混酿果酒的香气物质的分析

采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法对菠萝、杧果和米蕉果实混酿的果酒的香气物质进行了分析.结果表明,菠萝、杧果和米蕉混酿果酒的香气物质的化学成分与菠萝果酒有显著差异,其中混酿果酒的香气物质更为丰富,尤其是包含着更多的中、高沸点的香气物质.这为感观评价提供了仪器分析依据.     

Spatial variability of surface peat properties and carbon emissions in a tropical peatland oil palm monoculture during a dry season

The expansion of oil palm monocultures into globally important Southeast Asian tropical peatlands has caused severe environmental damage. Despite much of the current focus of environmental impacts being directed at industrial scale plantations, over half of oil palm land-use cover in Southeast Asia is from smallholder plantations. We differentiated a first generation smallholder oil palm monoculture into 8 different sampling zones, and further divided the 8 sampling zones into oil palm root influenced (Proximal) and reduced root influence (Distal) areas, to assess how peat properties regulate in situ carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes. We found that all the physico-chemical properties and nutrient concentrations except sulphur varied significantly among sampling zones. All physico-chemical properties except electrical conductivity, and all nutrient content except nitrogen and potassium varied significantly between Proximal and Distal areas. Mean CO₂ fluxes (ranged between 382 and 1191 mg m⁻² h⁻¹) varied significantly among sampling zones, and between Proximal and Distal areas, with notably high emissions in Dead Wood and Path zones, and consistently higher emissions in Proximal areas compared to Distal areas within almost all the zones. CH₄ fluxes (ranged between −32 and 243 µg m⁻² h⁻¹) did not significantly vary between Proximal and Distal areas, however significantly varied amongst sampling zones. CH₄ flux was notably high in Canal Edge and Understorey Ferns zones, and negative in Dead Wood zone. The results demonstrate the high heterogeneity of peat properties within oil palm monoculture, strengthening the need for intensive sampling to characterize a land use in the tropical peatlands.     

基于转录组测序的文心兰花香形成分析

文心兰具有很高的观赏价值,但花香形成分子机制研究相对薄弱。本研究以香水文心、黄梦香和白梦香为材料,利用气相色谱-质谱分析其花香挥发物成分。结果表明,3个品种的花香挥发物均以萜类化合物为主,但种类差异较大。盛花期花香挥发物总量由高到低依次为黄梦香、香水文心、白梦香。从转录组数据中共获得459 756个单基因(unigenes),大约40.61%的unigenes被公共数据库注释。MEP和MVA途径中的多数基因在黄梦香中表达量最高,香水文心次之,白梦香最低,与花香挥发物释放总量相符。转录组数据中共筛选出5个显著差异表达的萜类合成酶基因(TPS)。其中,OnTPS4在3个品种中均高表达,说明OnTPS4在3个品种中对香气的形成起重要作用;OnTPS1、OnTPS2和OnTPS5在香水文心中表达偏高,是调控香水文心萜类挥发物形成的重要基因;OnTPS3在黄梦香中表达较高,是调控黄梦香萜类挥发物形成的重要基因。由上述结果可知,MEP和MVA途径的基因表达水平与花香挥发物释放总量相一致,TPS的表达与具体萜类挥发物释放密切相关。 本研究通过花香形成机理研究,为文心兰花香改良提供了依据。     

Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.     

海南霸王岭热带山地雨林树木苗期构筑型研究

为了解热带山地雨林主要树种苗期构筑型特征 ,笔者综合考虑树种在热带山地雨林群落中的重要性、林窗更新进程中的作用及苗圃出苗情况后 ,2 0 0 2年 7— 8月在海南霸王岭自然保护区东二保护站苗圃选择了热带山地雨林中 2 0种主要树木的幼苗 ,分不同苗龄进行了构筑型特征系统观测 .对苗龄≤ 3个月和 3个月 <苗龄≤ 12个月的幼苗 ,采用了不同的指标体系进行研究 .对比了幼苗的构筑型特征 ,并讨论了构筑型与生态对策、群落结构的关系 .结果表明 :大多数热带树木幼苗萌发方式为子叶出土、子叶叶状对生 ;初生叶多为互生 ,其次为对生、轮生 ;分枝角度中 30°和 6 0°居多 ,其次为 4 5°、75°;幼苗枝下高与树高之间符合指数函数关系 ,而树高与基径之间符合幂函数关系 ;Rauh型、Massart型树木通常采取K对策 ,Leeuwenberg型、Attims型树木通常采取r对策 ,Roux型采取r对策或K对策 ,Aubreville型的生态对策在二者之间 .     

西双版纳热带季节雨林热力效应时空分布特征初探

该文利用西双版纳雾凉季和干热季的气温和树表温观测资料 ,通过实测、对比方法 ,探讨了热带季雨林平均气温及其树表温的时空分布特征 .通过对分布特征和变化规律的分析、研究 ,发现由于热带季节雨林受地方气候和森林结构影响 ,不同区域、不同时间受到太阳辐射影响的差异 ,导致气温和树表温均存在明显的时空差异 ,在林冠附近 ,树冠表温和气温及温度日较差均呈现最大值 ,显示了林冠面具有较强的热力效应 ,且其效应在干热季显著 .在 12 :0 0— 16 :0 0 ,树冠附近空气与树冠表层间的热力传输 ,雾凉季树冠附近气温低于林冠表温 ,热量从树冠传向空气 ;而干热季则反之 ,树冠附近气温高于林冠表温 ,林冠从空气中获得热量 .林内的第二冠层上午和下午气温多高于树冠表温 ,中午前后气温低于树冠表温 ,并且干热季的温差的绝对值大于雾凉季 ;而在林内近地冠层热量多是由树冠传向近旁空气 ,显示了热力传输的时空多变特征 .热带季节雨林林内树表温和气温多呈现逆温分布 ;上午树表面为热源 ;中午则反之 ,多是空气为热源 ;而下午树表面与空气多处于热平衡状态 .热带季节雨林中热力作用复杂、多样 ,使得热力效应时空分布趋于多样化 ,导致小气候环境异质性